PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.